*Rukhsah Solat
-Rukhsah solat ialah kemudahan yang diberikan kepada orang yang bermusafir untuk melaksanakan solat dengan cara qasar dan jamak.
-Syarat-syarat perjalanan atau musafir yang diharuskan qasar dan jamak ialah:
(a) perjalanan yang bukan bertujuan maksiat.
(b) destinasi yang dituju melebihi dua marhalah (lebih kurang 94km).
(c) mengetahui destinasi yang dituju.
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| MENGETAHUI DESTINASI YANG DITUJU. |
*Solat Jamak
- Pengertian solat jamak ialah perkataan jamak dari segi bahasa bermaksud himpun atau kumpul, manakala dari segi istilah syarak solat jamak ialah menghimpunkan dua solat fardhu dalam satu waktu dengan syarat-syarat tertentu.
-Jenis-jenis solat jamak:
(a) solat jamak takdim: menghimpunkan dua solat fardhu dalam waktu pertama. Contohnya menunaikan solat Zuhur dan solat Asar dalam waktu Zuhur.
(b) solat jamak takhir: menghimpunkan dua solat fardhu dalam waktu kedua. Contohnya menunaikan solat Zuhur dan solat Asar dalam waktu Asar.
- Syarat solat jamak takdim:
(a) mendahulukan solat yang waktunya terdahulu iaitu solat Zuhur dan Maghrib.
(b) niat jamak dalam solat yang pertama.
(c) kedua-dua solat tersebut dilakukan secara berturut-turut.
(d) masih dalam perjalanan sehingga selesai solat kedua.
- Syarat solat jamak takhir:
(a) berniat akan melakukan solat jamak takhir semasa dalam solat pertama.
(b) masih dalam perjalanan sehingga selesai kedua-dua solat.
*Solat qasar
-Qasar mengikut bahasa bermaksud pendek dan ringkas.
-Solat qasar menurut istilah syarak ialah memendekkan solat empat rakaat menjadi dua rakaat.
-Syarat-syarat solat qasar:
(a) hendaklah melepasi sempadan kawasan tempat tinggal.
(b) tidak berniat untuk bermukim melebihi empat hari, iaitu tidak termasuk perjalanan pergi dan balik.
(c) tidak berimamkan kepada imam yang solat yang sempurna rakaatnya.
(d) masuh dalam keadaan musafir ketika mengerjakan solat qasar.
*Hikamat disyariatkan solat jamak dan qasar.
-Memberikan keringanan dan kemudahan kepada umat Islam untuk menunaikan solat fardhu ketika dalam musafir.
-Menggalakkan umat Islam bermusafir di mka bumi untuk menjalankan kehidupan dengan lebih baik.
-Sebagai tanda kasih dan sayang Allah S.W.T. kepada umat Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.
-Umat Islam dapat menyempurnakan hajatnya tanpa meninggalkan perintah alla S.W.T.
-Menunjukkan ibadat fardhu wajib ditunaikan walau dalam apa jua keadaan.
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ReplyDeletePablo Picasso
Portrait de Picasso, 1908.jpg
Picasso in 1908
Born Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso[1]
25 October 1881
Málaga, Spain
Died 8 April 1973 (aged 91)
Mougins, France
Resting place Château of Vauvenargues
43.554142°N 5.604438°E
Nationality Spanish
Education José Ruiz y Blasco (father)
Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
Known for Painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking, ceramics, stage design, writing
Notable work La Vie (1903)
Family of Saltimbanques (1905)
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)
Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1910)
Girl before a Mirror (1932)
Le Rêve (1932)
Guernica (1937)
The Weeping Woman (1937)
Movement Cubism, Surrealism
Spouse(s) Olga Khokhlova
(m. 1918; d. 1955)
Jacqueline Roque
(m. 1961)
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (/pɪˈkɑːsoʊ, -ˈkæsoʊ/;[2] Spanish: [ˈpaβlo piˈkaso]; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture,[3][4] the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces during the Spanish Civil War.
Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the slightly older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.[5][6][7][8]
Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles.
Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art.
Early life
ReplyDeletePablo Picasso with his sister Lola, 1889
Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso,[1] a series of names honouring various saints and relatives.[9] Ruiz y Picasso were included for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish law. Born in the city of Málaga in the Andalusian region of Spain, he was the first child of Don José Ruiz y Blasco (1838–1913) and María Picasso y López.[10] His mother was of one quarter Italian descent, from the territory of Genoa.[11] Though baptized a Catholic, Picasso would later on become an atheist.[12] Picasso's family was of middle-class background. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. For most of his life Ruiz was a professor of art at the School of Crafts and a curator of a local museum. Ruiz's ancestors were minor aristocrats.
Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. According to his mother, his first words were "piz, piz", a shortening of lápiz, the Spanish word for "pencil".[13] From the age of seven, Picasso received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. Ruiz was a traditional academic artist and instructor, who believed that proper training required disciplined copying of the masters, and drawing the human body from plaster casts and live models. His son became preoccupied with art to the detriment of his classwork.
The family moved to A Coruña in 1891, where his father became a professor at the School of Fine Arts. They stayed almost four years. On one occasion, the father found his son painting over his unfinished sketch of a pigeon. Observing the precision of his son's technique, an apocryphal story relates, Ruiz felt that the thirteen-year-old Picasso had surpassed him, and vowed to give up painting,[14] though paintings by him exist from later years.
In 1895, Picasso was traumatized when his seven-year-old sister, Conchita, died of diphtheria.[15] After her death, the family moved to Barcelona, where Ruiz took a position at its School of Fine Arts. Picasso thrived in the city, regarding it in times of sadness or nostalgia as his true home.[16] Ruiz persuaded the officials at the academy to allow his son to take an entrance exam for the advanced class. This process often took students a month, but Picasso completed it in a week, and the jury admitted him, at just 13. As a student, Picasso lacked discipline but made friendships that would affect him in later life. His father rented a small room for him close to home so he could work alone, yet he checked up on him numerous times a day, judging his drawings. The two argued frequently.[17]
Picasso's father and uncle decided to send the young artist to Madrid's Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, the country's foremost art school.[16] At age 16, Picasso set off for the first time on his own, but he disliked formal instruction and stopped attending classes soon after enrollment. Madrid held many other attractions. The Prado housed paintings by Diego Velázquez, Francisco Goya, and Francisco Zurbarán. Picasso especially admired the works of El Greco; elements such as his elongated limbs, arresting colours, and mystical visages are echoed in Picasso's later work.[18]
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